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In the past decades, people's work and life styles have dramatically changed during the rapid economic development and urbanization in China. A national survey reported that Chinese adults spend an average of 81% of daily time in indoor environment. Exposure to indoor air pollution plays key roles for human health but is likely to be neglected due on the relatively lower concentration levels and lower awareness among common people. Till now, published studies focus more on the pollution levels or the toxicological effects of indoor air pollutants but there is a lack of disease burden assessment attributable to indoor air pollution. In this review, several international studies were introduced on the disease burden estimation attributable to indoor air pollution, as well as the estimation methods. The current situation of national study was also reviewed. The strengths and limitations of the representative international studies were discussed. This review is helpful in providing data to guide the research on disease burden assessment attributable to indoor air pollution in China, and further helps to prioritize the indoor air pollution control based on disease burden ranking among pollutants and motivate public policies to protect the public health.
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Objective To explore the effect of teach-back on the health education of osteoporosis knowledge in diabetic patients. Methods A total of 152 cases of diabetic patients hospitalized in endocrinology department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University were recruited. The study subjects were divided into control group and experimental group according to the admission date, 76 cases in each group respectively. Intervention was conducted using a unified set of publicity materials and slides of osteoporosis knowledge. The routine health education was applied in the control group, and the experimental group was carried out the teach-back health education. The effect of health education was evaluated by the Osteoporosis Knowledge Test (OKT) before intervention, 1 day after intervention, and 3 months after intervention. Results Before intervention, the OKT score of two groups were not statistically different (t=0.071, P=0.943). The OKT score of the control group was (19.21±3.91) points for 1 day after intervention and (16.95 ± 4.14) points for 3 months after intervention. The OKT score of the experimental group was (21.61 ± 2.59) points for 1 day after intervention and (20.54 ± 3.09) points for 3 months after intervention. After intervention, the OKT score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, and the results were statistically different (t=4.455, 6.057,P<0.01). Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that there were significant differences in OKT score between the two groups (P<0.01). Conclusion Teach-back health education is more beneficial for diabetic patients to understand and remember the knowledge of osteoporosis and is worth further research and application.
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Objective To investigate the current situation of quality of care for people with disabilities and the related factors. Methods In November, 2015, 399 disabled persons from five special service institutions in Hubei, China were conveniently sampled, and investigated with the Chinese version of Quality of Care and Support (QOCS) for people with disability scale and demographic questionnaire. Results The total score of QOCS was (38.11±6.24), and the proportion of total score in the dimensions of caring provision, caring environment and caring information were more than 70%. The score of QOCS was various with the age, domicile, employment, medical insurance, monthly household expenditure and expenditure for food of the people with disabilities, and the age (β=0.06, P<0.01) and medical insurance (β=-0.850, P<0.001) were the independent factors related with the score of QOCS. Conclusion People with disabilities self-reportedly satis-fied in the quality of care in Hubei, and it can be improved from the increase of medical insurance level.
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Objective To translated the Male Osteoporosis Assessment Questionnaire (OPAQTM) into Chinese and test the validity and reliability of it.Methods Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the original OPAQTM was performed according to the published guidelines.A total of 122 male osteoporosis patients in Xi'an city were included in item analysis,exploratory factor analysis and criterion-related validity and reliability analysis of this Chinese version of OPAQTM.Results A 7-factor structure with 37 items was identified through item analysis and exploratory factor analysis,which explained 73.943％ of the total variance.The ratio of convergent validity of each dimension was exceeded 0.90 and exceeded 0.95 for discriminant validity.The Cronbach's α coefficient for the total OPAQTM score was 0.956.The split-half for the overall scale was 0.858.The test-retest reliability was 0.760 for the overall scale.In relation to criterion validity,the Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.485 to 0.867 between the Chinese version of OPAQTM and the corresponding dimensions of 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-12),which were significantly correlated,P ＜ 0.01.Conclusions The Chinese version of OPAQTM appears to possess adequate validity and internal consistency.The newly translated Chinese version of OPAQTM may be used to assess the quality of life of male osteoporosis patients in China.
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Objective:To seek the short term standardization study nurses training education content and the ap-proach to learning, provide theoretical basis for improving the study effect of nurse training.Methods:Choosing 3 ~6 months in 2014 in our hospital study questionnaire survey was conducted among 114 nurses, questionnaire by general in-formation, content of training needs, demand method of three parts and using SPSS19.0 to analyze the collected data. Results:The 82.7%of study nurses think pre-service training is very necessary.Pre-service training demand of the top three comprises:occupational protection (82.7%), health care, with communication skills (80.0%) and infection prevention and control (78.2%).Refresher training needs during the top three in turn:specialized rescue of critically ill patients and cooperation (88.2%), clinical application and nursing adverse event processing (79.1%), effective communication nurses and patients (79.1%).Demand content score between the different degree and the title of ad-vanced nurse was statistically difference (P<0.05).The training methods, in the first three order practice (89.10%), seminar (74.5%), case analysis and discussion (67.30%).Conclusion:According to the study demand of nurse stand-ardized training content and ways of learning, considering the influence factors such as education, job title, targeted training plan, improve the effect of short-term training.
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Objective We aimed to investigate the community nurses' awareness of health policy,related behaviors and paths of learning.Methods A total of 150 community nurses were enrolled in this study by answering a self-completion questionnaire.The survey contents included general conditions of nurses,awareness,related behaviors and paths of learning of community health policy.Results 91.7％ of the respondents believed that heahh policy was important or very important,but only 10.4％ of the respondents understood health policy fully.71.5％ said that they would lecture patients health policy actively and 70.8％ would lecture their colleagues actively.51.4％ respondents would like to take part in policy-making if they were allowed.Education background,professional title and the awareness of health policy were factors of community nurses' policy related behaviors.They learned health policy by working meeting,training and documents.Conclusions It is necessary to improve their school record and adjust their professional title,to strengthen the publicity of health policy by broaden channels of publicity.By these,community nurses' awareness of health policy would be improved,their policy related behaviors would be promoted.Further,the health policy would be well delivered and implemented.
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Objective:To study the efficacy of ribavirin injections combined with Tanreqing in the treatment of children with epi-demic parotitis. Methods:From January 2012 to September 2013, 128 children with mumps in our hospital were selected and random-ly divided into the treatment group and the control group with 64 cases in each. The control group was intravenously given ribavirin in-jections, 5-7. 5 mg·kg-1 , ivd, bid, and the treatment group was given Tanreqing injections additionally, 0. 25-0. 4 ml·kg-1 ·d-1 , ivd,qd. After the 5-day treatment, the extinction time of parotid swelling and pain, defervesce time and the decrease of TNF- α and CRP were observed in the two groups. Results: The total effective rate in the treatment group was 93. 8%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (84. 4%) with significant difference (P<0. 05). The extinction time of parotid swelling and pain and defervesce time in the treatment group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P<0. 05). After the treatment, TNF- α and CRP in the two groups were significantly decreased (P<0. 05), and the decrease in the treatment group was much notable than that in the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion:Ribavirin injections combined with Tanreqing in the treatment of children with mumps can significantly shorten the extinction time of parotid swelling and pain and defervesce time, and inhibit TNF-αand CRP with significant effect, which is valuable in clinical promotion and application.
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Objective To estimate the safety and feasibility of fast track surgery (FTS) in operations for gastric cancer.Methods The Cochrane library,PubMed,EMBASE,Chinese biomedical literature database,China journal full text database,Chinese scientific journals full text database were searched with the key words of gastric cancer,gastric carcinoma, FTS,fast track surgery, enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS, 胃癌,and 快速康复外科.The search was finished in April,2011.Randomized controlled trials of FTS for patients with gastric cancer were included.Two reviewers evaluated the quality of the included studies and extracted the data independently.Meta analysis was performed by RevMan 5.1.2 software.Results Fourteen randomized controlled trials involving 1270 patients were included.The results of meta analysis showed that FTS could significantly shorten the first exhaust time (MD =-6.15,95 ％ confidence interval:-8.22- -4.07,P＜ 0.05) and hospital stay ( MD =- 2.68,95％ confidence interval:- 3.26- - 2.10,P ＜ 0.05 ),and reduced the hospital fees ( MD =- 0.39,95 ％ confidence interval:- 0.55- - 0.22,P ＜ 0.05 ).FTS could lighten the postoperative stress and relatively enhance the immunity.Conclusion Compared with conventional methods,FTS could speed up the rehabilitation for patients with gastric cancer postoperatively without increasing the adverse reactions.